SonataAdminBundle/Resources/doc/reference/security.rst

Security
========

Users management
----------------

By default, the SonataAdminBundle does not come with any user management, however it is most likely the application
requires such feature. The Sonata Project includes a ``SonataUserBundle`` which integrates the ``FOSUserBundle``.

The ``FOSUserBundle`` adds support for a database-backed user system in Symfony2. It provides a flexible framework
for user management that aims to handle common tasks such as user login, registration and password retrieval.

The ``SonataUserBundle`` is just a thin wrapper to include the ``FOSUserBundle`` into the ``AdminBundle``. The
``SonataUserBundle`` includes :

* A default login area
* A default ``user_block`` template which is used to display the current user and the logout link
* 2 Admin classes : User and Group
* A default class for User and Group.

There is a little magic in the ``SonataAdminBundle`` if the bundle detects the ``SonataUserBundle`` class, then
the default ``user_block`` template will be changed to use the one provided by the ``SonataUserBundle``.

The install process is available on the dedicated `SonataUserBundle's documentation area <http://sonata-project.org/bundles/user/master/doc/reference/installation.html>`_


Security handlers
-----------------

The security part is managed by a ``SecurityHandler``, the bundle comes with 3 handlers

  - ``sonata.admin.security.handler.role`` : ROLES to handle permissions
  - ``sonata.admin.security.handler.acl`` : ACL and ROLES to handle permissions
  - ``sonata.admin.security.handler.noop`` : always returns true, can be used with the Symfony2 firewall

The default value is ``sonata.admin.security.handler.noop``, if you want to change the default value
you can set the ``security_handler`` to ``sonata.admin.security.handler.acl`` or ``sonata.admin.security.handler.role``.

To quickly secure an admin the role security can be used. It allows to specify the actions a user can with the admin. The ACL
security system is more advanced and allows to secure the objects. For people using the previous ACL implementation,
you can switch the security_handler to the role security handler.

Configuration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Only the security handler is required to determine which type of security to use. The other parameters are set as default,
change them if needed.

Using roles:

.. code-block:: yaml

    sonata_admin:
        security:
            handler: sonata.admin.security.handler.role
            # role security information
            information:
                EDIT: EDIT
                LIST: LIST
                CREATE: CREATE
                VIEW: VIEW
                DELETE: DELETE
                EXPORT: EXPORT
                OPERATOR: OPERATOR
                MASTER: MASTER

Using ACL:

.. code-block:: yaml

    # app/config/config.yml
    sonata_admin:
        security:
            handler: sonata.admin.security.handler.acl
            # acl security information
            information:
                GUEST:    [VIEW, LIST]
                STAFF:    [EDIT, LIST, CREATE]
                EDITOR:   [OPERATOR, EXPORT]
                ADMIN:    [MASTER]
            # permissions not related to an object instance and also to be available when objects do not exist
            # the DELETE admin permission means the user is allowed to batch delete objects
            admin_permissions: [CREATE, LIST, DELETE, UNDELETE, EXPORT, OPERATOR, MASTER]
            # permission related to the objects
            object_permissions: [VIEW, EDIT, DELETE, UNDELETE, OPERATOR, MASTER, OWNER]

The following section explains how to set up ACL with the ``FriendsOfSymfony/UserBundle``.

ACL and FriendsOfSymfony/UserBundle
-----------------------------------

If you want an easy way to handle users, please use :

 - https://github.com/FriendsOfSymfony/FOSUserBundle : handle users and groups stored in RDMS or MongoDB
 - https://github.com/sonata-project/SonataUserBundle : integrates the ``FriendsOfSymfony/UserBundle`` with
   the ``AdminBundle``

The security integration is a work in progress and has some known issues :
 - ACL permissions are immutables
 - A listener must be implemented that creates the object Access Control List with the required rules if objects are
   created outside the Admin

Configuration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Before you can use ``FriendsOfSymfony/FOSUserBundle`` you need to set it up as described in the documentation
of the bundle. In step 4 you need to create a User class (in a custom UserBundle). Do it as follows:

.. code-block:: php

    <?php

    namespace Acme\UserBundle\Entity;

    use Sonata\UserBundle\Entity\BaseUser as BaseUser;
    use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;

    /**
     * @ORM\Entity
     * @ORM\Table(name="fos_user")
    \*/
    class User extends BaseUser
    {
        /**
         * @ORM\Id
         * @ORM\Column(type="integer")
         * @ORM\GeneratedValue(strategy="AUTO")
         \*/
        protected $id;

        public function __construct()
        {
            parent::__construct();
            // your own logic
        }
    }

In your ``app/config/config.yml`` you then need to put the following:

.. code-block:: yaml

    fos_user:
        db_driver: orm
        firewall_name: main
        user_class: Acme\UserBundle\Entity\User

The following configuration for the SonataUserBundle defines:

    - the ``FriendsOfSymfony/FOSUserBundle`` as a security provider
    - the login form for authentification
    - the access control : resources with related required roles, the important part is the admin configuration
    - the ``acl`` option to enable the ACL.
    - the ``AdminPermissionMap`` defines the permissions of the Admin class

.. code-block:: yaml

    # app/config/security.yml

    parameters:
        # ... other parameters
        security.acl.permission.map.class: Sonata\AdminBundle\Security\Acl\Permission\AdminPermissionMap
        # optionally use a custom MaskBuilder
        #sonata.admin.security.mask.builder.class: Sonata\AdminBundle\Security\Acl\Permission\MaskBuilder

In ``app/config/security.yml``:

.. code-block:: yaml

    security:
        providers:
            fos_userbundle:
                id: fos_user.user_manager

        firewalls:
            main:
                pattern:      .*
                form-login:
                    provider:       fos_userbundle
                    login_path:     /login
                    use_forward:    false
                    check_path:     /login_check
                    failure_path:   null
                logout:       true
                anonymous:    true

        access_control:
            # The WDT has to be allowed to anonymous users to avoid requiring the login with the AJAX request
            - { path: ^/wdt/, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
            - { path: ^/profiler/, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }

            # AsseticBundle paths used when using the controller for assets
            - { path: ^/js/, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
            - { path: ^/css/, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }

            # URL of FOSUserBundle which need to be available to anonymous users
            - { path: ^/login$, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
            - { path: ^/login_check$, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY } # for the case of a failed login
            - { path: ^/user/new$, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
            - { path: ^/user/check-confirmation-email$, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
            - { path: ^/user/confirm/, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
            - { path: ^/user/confirmed$, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
            - { path: ^/user/request-reset-password$, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
            - { path: ^/user/send-resetting-email$, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
            - { path: ^/user/check-resetting-email$, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
            - { path: ^/user/reset-password/, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }

            # Secured part of the site
            # This config requires being logged for the whole site and having the admin role for the admin part.
            # Change these rules to adapt them to your needs
            - { path: ^/admin/, role: ROLE_ADMIN }
            - { path: ^/.*, role: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }


        role_hierarchy:
            ROLE_ADMIN:       [ROLE_USER, ROLE_SONATA_ADMIN]
            ROLE_SUPER_ADMIN: [ROLE_ADMIN, ROLE_ALLOWED_TO_SWITCH]

        acl:
            connection: default

- Install the ACL tables ``php app/console init:acl``

- Create a new root user :

.. code-block:: sh

    # php app/console fos:user:create --super-admin
    Please choose a username:root
    Please choose an email:root@domain.com
    Please choose a password:root
    Created user root

If you have Admin classes, you can install or update the related CRUD ACL rules :

.. code-block:: sh

    # php app/console sonata:admin:setup-acl
    Starting ACL AdminBundle configuration
    > install ACL for sonata.media.admin.media
       - add role: ROLE_SONATA_MEDIA_ADMIN_MEDIA_GUEST, permissions: ["VIEW","LIST"]
       - add role: ROLE_SONATA_MEDIA_ADMIN_MEDIA_STAFF, permissions: ["EDIT","LIST","CREATE"]
       - add role: ROLE_SONATA_MEDIA_ADMIN_MEDIA_EDITOR, permissions: ["OPERATOR","EXPORT"]
       - add role: ROLE_SONATA_MEDIA_ADMIN_MEDIA_ADMIN, permissions: ["MASTER"]
    ... skipped ...


If you already have objects, you can generate the object ACL rules for each object of an admin:

.. code-block:: sh

    $ php app/console sonata:admin:generate-object-acl

Optionally, you can specify an object owner, and step through each admin. See the help of the command for more information.

If you try to access to the admin class you should see the login form, just logon with the ``root`` user.

An Admin is displayed in the dashboard (and menu) when the user has the role ``LIST``. To change this override the ``showIn``
method in the Admin class.

Roles and Access control lists
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A user can have several roles when working with an application. Each Admin class has several roles, and each role specifies the permissions
of the user for the Admin class. Or more specific, what the user can do with the domain object(s) the Admin class is created for.

By default each Admin class contains the following roles, override the property ``$securityInformation`` to change this:

 - ROLE_SONATA_..._GUEST: a guest that is allowed to view an object and a list of objects;
 - ROLE_SONATA_..._STAFF: probably the biggest part of the users, a staff user has the same permissions as guests and is additionally
   allowed to EDIT and CREATE new objects;
 - ROLE_SONATA_..._EDITOR: an editor is granted all access and, compared to the staff users, is allowed to DELETE and EXPORT;
 - ROLE_SONATA_..._ADMIN: an administrative user is granted all access and on top of that, the user is allowed to grant other users access.

Owner:
 - when an object is created, the currently logged in user is set as owner for that object and is granted all access for that object;
 - this means the user owning the object is always allowed to DELETE the object, even when it only has the staff role.

Vocabulary used for Access Control Lists:
 - Role: a user role;
  - ACL: a list of access rules, the Admin uses 2 types:
   - Admin ACL: created from the Security information of the Admin class for each admin and shares the Access Control Entries that specify
     what the user can do (permissions) with the admin
   - Object ACL: also created from the security information of the Admin class however created for each object, it uses 2 scopes:
    - Class-Scope: the class scope contains the rules that are valid for all object of a certain class;
    - Object-Scope: specifies the owner;
  - Sid: Security identity, an ACL role for the Class-Scope ACL and the user for the Object-Scope ACL;
  - Oid: Object identity, identifies the ACL, for the admin ACL this is the admin code, for the object ACL this is the object id;
  - ACE: a role (or sid) and its permissions;
  - Permission: this tells what the user is allowed to do with the Object identity;
  - Bitmask: a permission can have several bitmasks, each bitmask represents a permission. When permission VIEW is requested and
    it contains the VIEW and EDIT bitmask and the user only has the EDIT permission, then the permission VIEW is granted.
  - PermissionMap: configures the bitmasks for each permission, to change the default mapping create a voter for the domain class of the Admin.
    There can be many voters that may have different permission maps. However, prevent that multiple voters vote on the same class with
    overlapping bitmasks.

See the cookbook article "Advanced ACL concepts" for the meaning of the different permissions:
http://symfony.com/doc/current/cookbook/security/acl_advanced.html#pre-authorization-decisions.

How is access granted?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In the application the security context is asked if access is granted for a role or a permission (admin.isGranted):

 - Token: a token identifies a user between requests;
 - Voter: sort of judge that returns if access is granted of denied, if the voter should not vote for a case, it returns abstrain;
 - AccessDecisionManager: decides if access is granted or denied according a specific strategy. It grants access if at least one (affirmative
   strategy), all (unanimous strategy) or more then half (consensus strategy) of the counted votes granted access;
 - RoleVoter: votes for all attributes stating with "ROLE_" and grants access if the user has this role;
 - RoleHierarchieVoter: when the role ROLE_SONATA_ADMIN is voted for, it also votes "granted" if the user has the role ROLE_SUPER_ADMIN;
 - AclVoter: grants access for the permissions of the Admin class if the user has the permission, the user has a permission that is
   included in the bitmasks of the permission requested to vote for or the user owns the object.

Create a custom voter or a custom permission map
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

In some occasions you need to create a custom voter or a custom permission map because for example you want to restrict access using extra rules:

- create a custom voter class that extends the AclVoter

.. code-block:: php

    namespace Acme\DemoBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter;

    use FOS\UserBundle\Model\UserInterface;
    use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\TokenInterface;
    use Symfony\Component\Security\Acl\Voter\AclVoter;

    class UserAclVoter extends AclVoter
    {
        /**
         * {@InheritDoc}
         */
        public function supportsClass($class)
        {
            // support the Class-Scope ACL for votes with the custom permission map
            // return $class === 'Sonata\UserBundle\Admin\Entity\UserAdmin' || $is_subclass_of($class, 'FOS\UserBundle\Model\UserInterface');
            // if you use php >=5.3.7 you can check the inheritance with is_a($class, 'Sonata\UserBundle\Admin\Entity\UserAdmin');
            // support the Object-Scope ACL
            return is_subclass_of($class, 'FOS\UserBundle\Model\UserInterface');
        }

        public function supportsAttribute($attribute)
        {
            return $attribute === 'EDIT' || $attribute === 'DELETE';
        }

        public function vote(TokenInterface $token, $object, array $attributes)
        {
            if (!$this->supportsClass(get_class($object))) {
                return self::ACCESS_ABSTAIN;
            }

            foreach ($attributes as $attribute) {
                if ($this->supportsAttribute($attribute) && $object instanceof UserInterface) {
                    if ($object->isSuperAdmin() && !$token->getUser()->isSuperAdmin()) {
                        // deny a non super admin user to edit a super admin user
                        return self::ACCESS_DENIED;
                    }
                }
            }

            // use the parent vote with the custom permission map:
            // return parent::vote($token, $object, $attributes);
            // otherwise leave the permission voting to the AclVoter that is using the default permission map
            return self::ACCESS_ABSTAIN;
        }
    }

- optionally create a custom permission map, copy to start the Sonata\AdminBundle\Security\Acl\Permission\AdminPermissionMap.php to your bundle

- declare the voter and permission map as a service

.. code-block:: xml

    <!-- src/Acme/DemoBundle/Resources/config/services.xml -->

    <parameters>
        <parameter key="security.acl.user_voter.class">Acme\DemoBundle\Security\Authorization\Voter\UserAclVoter</parameter>
        <!-- <parameter key="security.acl.user_permission.map.class">Acme\DemoBundle\Security\Acl\Permission\UserAdminPermissionMap</parameter> -->
    </parameters>

    <services>
        <!-- <service id="security.acl.user_permission.map" class="%security.acl.permission.map.class%" public="false"></service> -->

        <service id="security.acl.voter.user_permissions" class="%security.acl.user_voter.class%" public="false">
            <tag name="monolog.logger" channel="security" />
            <argument type="service" id="security.acl.provider" />
            <argument type="service" id="security.acl.object_identity_retrieval_strategy" />
            <argument type="service" id="security.acl.security_identity_retrieval_strategy" />
            <argument type="service" id="security.acl.permission.map" />
            <argument type="service" id="logger" on-invalid="null" />
            <tag name="security.voter" priority="255" />
        </service>
    </services>

- change the access decission strategy to ``unanimous``

.. code-block:: yaml

    # app/config/security.yml
    security:
        access_decision_manager:
            # Strategy can be: affirmative, unanimous or consensus
            strategy: unanimous

- to make this work the permission needs to be checked using the Object ACL

  - modify the template (or code) where applicable:

.. code-block:: html

    {% if admin.isGranted('EDIT', user_object) %} {# ... #} {% endif %}

  - because the object ACL permission is checked, the ACL for the object must have been created, otherwise the AclVoter
    will deny EDIT access for a non super admin user trying to edit another non super admin user. This is automatically done when the object is
    created using the Admin. If objects are also created outside the Admin, have a look at the ``createSecurityObject`` method in the
    AclSecurityHandler.

Usage
~~~~~

Everytime you create a new ``Admin`` class, you should create start the command ``php app/console sonata:admin:setup-acl``
so the ACL database will be updated with the latest roles and permissions.

In the templates, or in your code, you can use the Admin method ``isGranted``:

- check for an admin that the user is allowed to EDIT:

.. code-block:: html

    {# use the admin security method  #}
    {% if admin.isGranted('EDIT') %} {# ... #} {% endif %}

    {# or use the default is_granted symfony helper, the following will give the same result #}
    {% if is_granted('ROLE_SUPER_ADMIN') or is_granted('EDIT', admin) %} {# ... #} {% endif %}

- check for an admin that the user is allowed to DELETE, the object is added to also check if the object owner is allowed to DELETE:

.. code-block:: html

    {# use the admin security method  #}
    {% if admin.isGranted('DELETE', object) %} {# ... #} {% endif %}

    {# or use the default is_granted symfony helper, the following will give the same result #}
    {% if is_granted('ROLE_SUPER_ADMIN') or is_granted('DELETE', object) %} {# ... #} {% endif %}